This striking blue shabti belongs to Queen Henuttawy, whose name means “Mistress of the Two Lands.” She was pivotal in the transition from the New Kingdom to the Third Intermediate period.1 Henuttawy was the daughter of Ramesses XI, the last pharaoh of the Ramesside period, and the wife of Pinedjem I, the high priest of Amun, who assumed royal titles and ruled Upper Egypt from Thebes.2 Her son, Psusennes I (cat. no. 83), ruled from Tanis. Henuttawy’s marriage and offspring ensured that the same family ruled Upper and Lower Egypt for a time.3
Henuttawy wears a black tripartite wig with a simplified uraeus. Her arms are crossed on her chest, and she holds two hoes. A large seed bag hangs down the middle of her back. A column of black hieroglyphs on her front read: “The Illuminated One, the Osiris, King’s wife, Henuttawy,” with her name in a cartouche. Her mummified body and those of her husband, Pinedjem I, her father, Ramesses IX, and their shabtis were found in the famous royal mummy cache in Deir el-Bahari in 1881.4
EW
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PN, 244, §12. ↩︎
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Niwiński, A. 1979. “Problems in the Chronology and Genealogy of the XXIst Dynasty: New Proposals for Their Interpretation.” JARCE 16: 49–68. https://doi.org/10.2307/40000317; Grandet, Pierre. 2001. “Twentieth Dynasty.” In OEAE, vol. 2, edited by Donald B. Redford, 538-543. Oxford: Oxford University Press.; Broekman, Gerard P.F. 2002. “The founders of the Twenty-first Dynasty and their family relationships.” GM 191:11–18.. ↩︎
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Broekman, Gerard P.F. 2002. “The founders of the Twenty-first Dynasty and their family relationships.” GM 191:11–18.; Taylor, John H. 2003. “The Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 BC).” In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw, 324–63. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.. ↩︎
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Aston, David A. 2013. “TT 320 and the qꜣy of Queen Inhapi: A Reconsideration Based on Ceramic Evidence.” GM 236: 7-20.; MacLeod, Caroline Arbuckle, and Kathlyn M. Cooney. 2019. “The Layered Life of JE26204: The Construction and Reuse of the Coffins of Henuttawy.” JEA 105, no. 2: 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0307513320911383.. ↩︎
Bibliography
- Aston 2013
- Aston, David A. 2013. “TT 320 and the qꜣy of Queen Inhapi: A Reconsideration Based on Ceramic Evidence.” GM 236: 7-20.
- Broekman 2002
- Broekman, Gerard P.F. 2002. “The founders of the Twenty-first Dynasty and their family relationships.” GM 191:11–18.
- Grandet 2001
- Grandet, Pierre. 2001. “Twentieth Dynasty.” In OEAE, vol. 2, edited by Donald B. Redford, 538-543. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- MacLeod and Cooney 2019
- MacLeod, Caroline Arbuckle, and Kathlyn M. Cooney. 2019. “The Layered Life of JE26204: The Construction and Reuse of the Coffins of Henuttawy.” JEA 105, no. 2: 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0307513320911383.
- Niwiński 1979
- Niwiński, A. 1979. “Problems in the Chronology and Genealogy of the XXIst Dynasty: New Proposals for Their Interpretation.” JARCE 16: 49–68. https://doi.org/10.2307/40000317
- Taylor 2003
- Taylor, John H. 2003. “The Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 BC).” In The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, edited by Ian Shaw, 324–63. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.